Abnormalities of the Skull

Nasal Cavity
 If conchal detail is missing from one side then this is the diseased side regardless of whether it is highly opaque (exudate, blood, neoplasm) or lucent (usually fungal rhinitis).

Tooth
If this is eroded or missing, it indicates a problem with the tooth.

Pharynx
The pharynx is evaluated for increased or decreased contrast and displacement. Decreased contrast is a normal finding in the brachiocephalic breeds, or can be due to the presence of inflammation or masses. Increased contrast is due to air around the pharynx (retropharyngeal air, e.g. due to penetrating wounds or rupture of the structures of the oesophagus or pharynx). Ventral displacement can be due to retropharyngeal masses. Laryngeal, tonsilar or thyroid masses can displace the pharynx laterally. Fractures of the hyoid apparatus can cause caudal pharyngeal displacement. The pharynges of  brachiocephalic dogs can be difficult to interpret because there is less air and so less contrast in the pharyngeal region.
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